Distribution of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Clarifying the Epidemiology of Bluetongue Disease in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States
The presence or absence of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a primary vector of bluetongue viruses (genus Orbivirus, family Reo viridae, BTV) in North America, was assessed on ranches and farms across the Northern Great Plains region of the Unite...
| Autores Principales: | Schmidtmann, E. T., Green, A. L., Dargatz, D. A., Rodriquez, J. M., Walton, T. E., Herrero, Marco Vinicio |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Entomological Society of America
2022
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: |
http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/ME10231 http://hdl.handle.net/11056/23251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME10231 |
| Sumario: |
The presence or absence of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a primary vector of bluetongue viruses (genus Orbivirus, family Reo viridae, BTV) in North America, was assessed on ranches and farms across the Northern Great Plains
region of the United States, speciÞcally Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota, as part of a 2-yr
regional study of BTV exposure among cattle. Blacklight/suction trap samples totaling 280 2-night
intervals were taken at 140 aquatic sites (potential larval habitat for C. sonorensis) on 82 livestock
operations (ranches and farms) that span a south-to-north gradient of expected decreasing risk for
exposure to BTV. In Nebraska, C. sonorensis populations were common and widespread, present at 15
of 18 operations. Of 32 operations sampled in South Dakota, seven of which were sampled in successive
years, 18 were positive for C. sonorensis; 13 of 14 operations located west of the Missouri River were
positive, whereas 13 of 18 operations east of the river were negative. Of 32 operations sampled in North
Dakota, seven of which were sampled both years, 12 were positive for C. sonorensis. Six of eight
operations located west and south of the Missouri River in North Dakota were positive, whereas 18
of 24 operations east and north of the river were negative for C. sonorensis. These data illustrate a
well-deÞned pattern of C. sonorensis spatial distribution, with populations consistently present across
Nebraska, western South Dakota, and western North Dakota; western South Dakota, and North Dakota
encompass the Northwestern Plains Ecoregion where soils are nonglaciated and evaporation exceeds
precipitation. In contrast, C. sonorensis populations were largely absent east of the Missouri River in
South Dakota and North Dakota; this area comprises the Northwestern Glaciated Plains Ecoregion
and Northern Glaciated Plains Ecoregion where surface soils reßect Wisconsinan glaciation and
precipitation exceeds evaporation. In deÞning a well-demarcated pattern of population presence or
absence on a regional scale, the data suggest that biogeographic factors regulate the distribution of
C. sonorensis and in turn BTV exposure. These factors, ostensibly climate and soil type as they affect
the suitability of larval habitat, may explain the absence ofC.sonorensis, hence limited risk for exposure
to BTV, across the eastern Northern Plains, upper Midwest, and possibly Northeast, regions of the
United States. |
|---|