Spatial variation of physicochemical parameters in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment: An example of the use of the R programming language
Introduction: The implementation of wastewater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands has a growing interest in the last decade due to its low cost and high effectiveness in treating industrial and residential wastewater. Objective: To evaluate the spatial variation of physicochemical p...
| Autores Principales: | Perez-Molina, Junior Pastor, Scholz, Carola B., Pérez-Salazar, Roy, Alfaro-Chinchilla, Carolina, Abarca Méndez , Ana Laura, Araya Leitón , Leandro José, Carranza Chaves, Jeslyn, Echevarría , Addy, Elizondo Blanco, Mariana, Ardón, Rachel, Flores-Aguilar, Sofía, SOLIS CALDERON, CATALINA |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica)
2023
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: |
http://hdl.handle.net/11056/26819 https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v13i1.3294 |
| Sumario: |
Introduction: The implementation of
wastewater treatment systems such as constructed
wetlands has a growing interest in the last decade due to
its low cost and high effectiveness in treating industrial
and residential wastewater. Objective: To evaluate the
spatial variation of physicochemical parameters in a
constructed wetland system of sub-superficial flow of
Pennisetum alopecuroides (Pennisetum) and a Control
(unplanted). The purpose is to provide an analysis of
spatial dynamic of physicochemical parameters using R
programming language. Methods: Each of the cells
(Pennisetum and Control) had 12 piezometers, organized
in three columns and four rows with a separation distance
of 3,25m and 4,35m, respectively. The turbidity,
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammoniacal
nitrogen (N-NH4), organic nitrogen (N-org.) and
phosphorous (P-PO4
-3) were measured in water under inflow
and out-flow of both conditions Control and
Pennisetum (n= 8). Additionally, the oxidation-reduction
potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, pH
and water temperature, were measured (n= 167) in the
piezometers. Results: No statistically significant
differences between cells for TKN, N-NH4, conductivity,
turbidity, BOD, and COD were found; but both Control and
Pennisetum cells showed a significant reduction in these
parameters (P<0,05). Overall, TKN and N-NH4 removal
were from 65,8 to 84,1% and 67,5 to 90,8%, respectively;
and decrease in turbidity, conductivity, BOD, and COD,
were between 95,1-95,4%; 15-22,4%; 65,2-77,9% and
57,4-60,3% respectively. Both cells showed ORP
increasing gradient along the water-flow direction,
contrary to conductivity (p<0,05). However, OD, pH and temperature were inconsistent in the direction of the water flow in both cells. Conclusions: Pennisetum demonstrated pollutant removal efficiency, but presented results similar to the control cells, therefore, remains unclear if it is a superior option or not. Spatial variation analysis did not reflect any obstruction of flow along the CWs; but some preferential flow paths can be distinguished. An open-source repository of R was provided. |
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