Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary
Mancozeb and maneb belong to a class of fungicides that are widely used in agriculture world-wide. In Costa Rican banana plantations, these fungicides are sprayed on banana plantations via light aircraft. Animal toxicity studies suggest that maneb and mancozeb can be carcinogenic but there are fe...
| Autor Principal: | Pung, Karen |
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| Formato: | Reporte |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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University of California
2016
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http://hdl.handle.net/11056/13144 |
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RepoUNACR131442021-05-06T23:17:05Z Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary Pung, Karen PROGRAMA INFANTES Y SALUD AMBIENTAL ISA Mancozeb and maneb belong to a class of fungicides that are widely used in agriculture world-wide. In Costa Rican banana plantations, these fungicides are sprayed on banana plantations via light aircraft. Animal toxicity studies suggest that maneb and mancozeb can be carcinogenic but there are few human studies on exposure or health effects. The main metabolite of these fungicides is ethylenethiourea (ETU), which has also been shown to be carcinogenic in animals and has the potential to adversely affect thyroid function in humans. Physiological and behavioral reasons make children more vulnerable to pesticide exposures. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between child time activity patterns and levels of urinary ETU in children that live on banana plantations sprayed with mancozeb and maneb in Costa Rica. Children in the study (n = 37) were recruited from a small banana plantation community in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Urine samples (first morning void) were collected once daily for 7 days and children were also asked to complete a visual time activity diary for each of the 7 days. The time activity diary was a 4 inch x 6 inch card with pictures that the children wore around their necks during the day. It was pilot tested for one week and changes were made according to the children‟s reactions in preparation for the final study. The urine samples were frozen and mailed to Lund University in Sweden where they were analyzed for ETU levels in µg ETU/g creatinine, or µg/L ETU adjusted for density. Compared to levels of ETU reported in other studies, we found that children living in the banana plantation are highly exposed to ETU but this varies according to their activity patterns and whether aerial spraying occurred or not. For example, active children in this population had on average have 1.7 times higher levels of ETU in their morning urine after spraying days as compared to days where spraying did not occur. There is evidence to suggest that children have higher levels of ETU in their urine after spraying days if they spent 7 or more hours being active and outside. Implementation of the time activity diary was possible with this particular group of children but the accuracy of the responses should be validated with external observations of the children. The validation through external observations verifies the responses recorded by the children and is an important step when working with new groups of children. El mancozeb y el maneb pertenecen a una clase de fungicidas que se utilizan ampliamente en la agricultura en todo el mundo. En las plantaciones de banano de Costa Rica, estos fungicidas se rocían sobre el banano plantaciones a través de la avioneta. Los estudios de toxicidad animal sugieren que el maneb y el mancozeb pueden ser cancerígenos, pero hay pocos estudios en humanos sobre la exposición o los efectos en la salud. Los principales El metabolito de estos fungicidas es la etilenotiourea (ETU), que también ha demostrado ser cancerígeno en animales y tiene el potencial de afectar negativamente a la función tiroidea en los humanos. Razones fisiológicas y de comportamiento hacen que los niños sean más vulnerables a la exposición a los pesticidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre los patrones de actividad en el tiempo de los niños y niveles de ETU urinario en niños que viven en plantaciones de plátanos rociados con mancozeb y maneb en Costa Rica. Los niños del estudio (n = 37) fueron reclutados en una pequeña comunidad de plantaciones de bananas en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica. Las muestras de orina (primer vacío de la mañana) se recogieron una vez diariamente durante 7 días y también se pidió a los niños que completaran un diario de actividades de tiempo visual para cada uno de los 7 días. El diario de actividades de tiempo era una tarjeta de 4 x 6 pulgadas con fotos que los niños usaban alrededor de sus cuellos durante el día. Fue probado en forma piloto durante una semana y se hicieron cambios según las reacciones de los niños en preparación para el estudio final. Las muestras de orina fueron congelados y enviados a la Universidad de Lund en Suecia donde fueron analizados por los niveles de ETU en µg ETU/g de creatinina, o µg/L de ETU ajustado por densidad. Comparado con los niveles de ETU reportados en otros estudios, encontramos que los niños que viven en el Las plantaciones de bananas están altamente expuestas a ETU pero esto varía según sus patrones de actividad y si se produjo o no una fumigación aérea. Por ejemplo, los niños activos de esta población tenían en promedio tienen niveles 1.7 veces más altos de ETU en su orina matutina después de rociar días como en comparación con los días en los que no se rociaba. Hay pruebas que sugieren que los niños tienen niveles más altos de ETU en su orina después de los días de fumigación si pasaron 7 o más horas siendo activa y fuera. La implementación del diario de actividad temporal fue posible con este grupo particular de niños, pero la exactitud de las respuestas debe ser validada con observaciones externas de la niños. La validación a través de observaciones externas verifica las respuestas registradas por el y es un paso importante cuando se trabaja con nuevos grupos de niños. University of California Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Berkeley Program in Global Environment and Health, University of California Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Universidad Nacional 2016-08-18T14:15:20Z 2016-08-18T14:15:20Z 2010-12 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_93fc http://hdl.handle.net/11056/13144 en application/pdf University of California |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |
| collection |
Repositorio UNA-Costa Rica |
| language |
Inglés |
| topic |
PROGRAMA INFANTES Y SALUD AMBIENTAL ISA |
| spellingShingle |
PROGRAMA INFANTES Y SALUD AMBIENTAL ISA Pung, Karen Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| description |
Mancozeb and maneb belong to a class of fungicides that are widely used in agriculture
world-wide. In Costa Rican banana plantations, these fungicides are sprayed on banana
plantations via light aircraft. Animal toxicity studies suggest that maneb and mancozeb can be
carcinogenic but there are few human studies on exposure or health effects. The main
metabolite of these fungicides is ethylenethiourea (ETU), which has also been shown to be
carcinogenic in animals and has the potential to adversely affect thyroid function in humans.
Physiological and behavioral reasons make children more vulnerable to pesticide exposures.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between child time activity patterns and
levels of urinary ETU in children that live on banana plantations sprayed with mancozeb and
maneb in Costa Rica.
Children in the study (n = 37) were recruited from a small banana plantation community
in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Urine samples (first morning void) were collected once
daily for 7 days and children were also asked to complete a visual time activity diary for each of
the 7 days. The time activity diary was a 4 inch x 6 inch card with pictures that the children wore
around their necks during the day. It was pilot tested for one week and changes were made
according to the children‟s reactions in preparation for the final study. The urine samples were
frozen and mailed to Lund University in Sweden where they were analyzed for ETU levels in µg
ETU/g creatinine, or µg/L ETU adjusted for density.
Compared to levels of ETU reported in other studies, we found that children living in the
banana plantation are highly exposed to ETU but this varies according to their activity patterns
and whether aerial spraying occurred or not. For example, active children in this population had
on average have 1.7 times higher levels of ETU in their morning urine after spraying days as
compared to days where spraying did not occur. There is evidence to suggest that children
have higher levels of ETU in their urine after spraying days if they spent 7 or more hours being
active and outside.
Implementation of the time activity diary was possible with this particular group of
children but the accuracy of the responses should be validated with external observations of the
children. The validation through external observations verifies the responses recorded by the
children and is an important step when working with new groups of children. |
| format |
Reporte |
| author |
Pung, Karen |
| author_sort |
Pung, Karen |
| title |
Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| title_short |
Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| title_full |
Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| title_fullStr |
Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure Through a Visual Time Activity Diary |
| title_sort |
assessment of children’s pesticide exposure through a visual time activity diary |
| publisher |
University of California |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11056/13144 |
| _version_ |
1796096729494323200 |
| score |
12.041432 |